With the gradual development of land-based high-quality wind energy resources, offshore wind power generation has become the future development trend. Offshore wind energy resources are abundant and stable, and wind conditions are better than onshore. And it is less disturbed by land use, noise pollution, bird protection, electromagnetic wave, and does not involve land acquisition.
However, as offshore wind power continues to grow from sea to sea, more and more offshore wind farms will be transported, installed, commissioned and operated and maintained. The transport, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms will be affected by meteorological and hydrological factors, and changes in the complex meteorological and hydrological conditions at sea will need to be dealt with from the operation of the operating vessels to the operation of the wind turbines. Therefore, while people are exploiting the ocean, they also need to prevent disasters caused by the ocean, especially the changes in sea surface wind speed. How to improve the operational efficiency brings challenges to the current offshore wind power operation.
Most of the current hydro-meteorological condition monitoring systems for offshore wind farms use anemometers and acoustic Doppler current meters installed on fixed towers to measure hydro-meteorological conditions. When applied in offshore waters, there are disadvantages such as high installation and maintenance costs and inconvenient placement. With the exploitation of the ocean wind speed sensors are widely used in the marine field.
The wind speed sensor as a fully digital signal detection instruments can be ultrasonic propagation time in the air to calculate the wind speed with the traditional anemometer compared to the ultrasonic wind speed sensor has a rotating mechanical part, to avoid the movement of the part of the sensor is easy to damage the problem of longterm stability, no need for maintenance.
Wind speed sensors work on the principle that sound (and ultrasonic waves) are transmitted through the motion of the fluid through which it travels. Electroacoustic transducers use ultrasonic signals to communicate with each other in pairs, determining the time difference in wave propagation caused by the airflow based on orthogonal axes follows the wind speed sensor to communicate with each other and provides four independent measurements while the head wind measurement vector is used for calculation. These measurements are combined to calculate the wind speed and direction relative to a reference axis. Temperature measurements are used for calibration.
Additionally the design of the sensor reduces the effect of inclination (based on the shape of the space, the effect of sensor inclination is partially corrected). Secondly the wind speed sensor also provides four independent test data and the correctness check is used to calculate the head wind vector. With a wind sensitivity of 0.15 m/s, reliability up to 40 m/s and excellent linearity, this method is also the best choice for offshore wind detection.
