The Fabrication of a Semiconductor Device
The manufacturing phase of an integrated circuit can be divided into two steps. The first and foremost is wafer fabrication; it is extremely sophisticated as well as a complicated process of manufacturing the silicon chip. Then there is the second one and that is assembly; assembly is the highly precise and automated process of packaging the die. These two phases are termed as “Front-End” and “Back-End.” The phases include two test steps: wafer probing and final test. Wafer handling equipment has to go through these important phases.
Motion controllers are described as the brains of any motion control system. In feedback-based systems, motion controllers, get input from the user, the input is compared with the motor’s feedback signal, and after that perform the corrective action to bring the input (or desired position) and output (or actual position) in line with one another.
Motion controllers create trajectories and these are followed by the motors to meet the desired commands. Its profiles are also termed as motion profiles. We know that a profile is a set of position commands versus time. These commands inform the motor where to put the load and how quickly it must do that. Trajectories created by the motion controller are utilized to produce the proper torque commands. The torque commands are then sent to the drive which powers the motor.
A large amount of signal processing is required for these actions; that is the reason motion controllers use digital signal processors (DSPs) to complete the job. DSPs are particularly meant to perform mathematical operations efficiently as well as quickly. Also, they manage the algorithmic processing much better than standard microcontrollers. Standard microcontrollers are not meant to handle bulky amounts of mathematical processing.
There are several basic motion profiles, including ramp profiles, triangular, complex polynomial, and trapezoidal profiles. Each of these is used in certain situations and conditions where a certain type of motion is required. Let’s take an example, a trapezoidal profile is defined by a graph of constant velocity and acceleration and a graph of the velocity versus time profile is in the shape of a trapezoid.
Now coming on to stand-alone controllers, these are entire systems that are frequently mounted in one physical enclosure, the enclosure includes all of the necessary electronics, external connections, and power supply. These types of controllers can be made into a machine and are designated to one motion control application that may involve controlling a single axis of motion as well as multiple axes.
We know that PC-based controllers are fixed onto the motherboard of a basic PC or an industrial PC. These controllers are essentially processing boards that help in generating and executing motion profiles. PC-based controllers are advantageous as they give a ready-made graphical user interface that helps in making programming much easier.
Then comes individual microcontrollers. These are individual integrated circuits that are normally designed onto a printed circuit board and have feedback inputs and outputs to drivers for controlling a motor.
All these help in precision motion control.
Source Link: https://bit.ly/3mCUt2x
