There are many types and varieties of airborne diseases. There is a range of airborne diseases, many of which develop over time, are environmentally friendly.
The most common airborne diseases are:
Influenza – We all face cough or cold (flu), at least once in our life. This flu starts affecting us even before any symptoms appear. It spreads throughout the body and weakens the immune system.
Since there are many forms of the flu and they can develop, it becomes difficult to identify them and provide vaccination for such diseases.
Common cold – This is the most common type of airborne disease. Everyone is susceptible to catching cold many times in their lives. In the US, there are more than a million cases of the common cold every year.
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The most common virus for cold in the US is the rhinovirus.
Mumps – They are highly contagious and are at risk of spreading before symptoms are understood. It takes 5 days or more for symptoms to appear.
With the available vaccinations, the spread of mumps has been largely controlled. Its spread is now limited among people living in congested areas.
Chickenpox – Chickenpox is spread by the varicella-zoster virus. Symptoms appear with rashes after 21 days, with such viral infections occurring mostly only once in a lifetime.
Due to some reactions, it can develop into herpes again. These are very painful. It can also cause chickenpox to people who have never had chickenpox.
Measles – Another highly communicable disease whose virus remains suspended in air or sitting on contaminated surfaces for hours. It can infect a healthy person four days before or after the occurrence of rashes.
In 2018, a total of 140,000 people died due to measles. It is also an important cause of child deaths worldwide. The vaccine available for measles has saved more than 23 million people from 2000 to 2018.
In 2019, there were about 1300 cases of measles in the US. It was observed that the infected people were without vaccination.
Tuberculosis – This is a type of disease that is spread by bacteria. It is a communicable disease. It is seen that anyone can become infected with TB without feeling ill or spread it to others.
Out of 1.4 billion TB cases worldwide, only 10 million are active cases. People with a weakened immune system are at greater risk of becoming infected due to TB. Symptoms of TB either appear in a few days or in some cases can even take months or even years.
As soon as a person is infected, the bacteria begin to spread and destroy the immune system and lungs. It travels to different parts of the body through blood vessels or lymph nodes.
Whooping cough – also known as pertussis, pertussis enlarges the airways and turns into a deadly cough. It is highly infected in the first few weeks of coughing.
Every year, there are 24 million pertussis cases and about 160,700 people are dying from it.
Diphtheria – It attacks the esophagus and lungs. In addition, it can damage the nervous system, kidneys, and heart. It is also considered to be the cause of prominence and death in children.
It has become a rare disease due to the invention of the vaccine. More than 5 cases of diphtheria have been reported in more than a decade. The last reported cases of diphtheria were in 2016 (7,100 cases).
COVID – 19 – The prevalence of novel coronaviruses has increased rapidly. After the first case surfaced in China in 2019, it soon became an epidemic affecting the entire world.
It is also a type of developed air-borne disease which changes with time. Even scientists are still trying to understand its behavior. Every day, new information is received about its symptoms.
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Common symptoms are dry cough, high body temperature, fatigue, and difficulty in breathing.
Symptoms
Many air-borne diseases have symptoms similar to those of the flu or the common cold. Symptoms include:
- cough
- cold
- Running nose
- chest congestion
- Sinus
- headache
- Body ache
- loss of power
- stiff neck
- Tremors
- High body temperature
Prevention and treatment
Prevention
You cannot be completely free from these diseases and prevention is difficult. Exposure can be reduced with the help of
Vaccination – Vaccines are the most important preventive measure to protect yourself from getting infected. Currently, vaccines are available for diseases such as measles, mumps, chickenpox, and flu.
Cleanliness – Personal and social hygiene is very important. This reduces the spread of these air-borne diseases. Maintain a safe distance from the public, wear a face mask, and use tissues or handkerchiefs when sneezing or coughing.
Ventilation – With good ventilation, airborne diseases can be prevented from spreading to many people. Today all hospitals have high-quality ventilation. It can also be effective for residential buildings.
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Treatment
Treatment of air-borne diseases varies with the type. Some common treatment methods include
Symptom management – Through regular medication, the spread of airborne disease is somehow controlled. Cold medicines are commonly used to treat these diseases.
Relaxation – Long and proper rest helps to overcome these air-borne diseases effectively.
Hospitalization – In some situations when the disease becomes fatal, there is only the option of proper hospitalization. This is mostly the case with COVID-19 or pertussis.
As airborne diseases spread quickly, they are very difficult to control. Only through the right precautionary measures or vaccination, its rate of progress can be slowed.
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