What’s acne? 

Acne refers to a skin condition that occurs when the pores of the skin are blocked by dead skin cells, hair, sebum (an oily substance), bacteria, and other substances. These blockages can lead to blackheads, whiteheads and nodules, as well as other types of pimples. Acne is a common skin condition. This is the most common skin condition. About 80% of people between the ages of 11 and 30 have some form of mild to moderate acne. Most people will experience it at one time or another. 

Who does acne affect? 

Although it is most common in teenagers and young adults who are undergoing hormonal changes, many suffer from acne well into their 30s, 40s, and 50s. Some people get acne as an adult. For treatment, you have various options but it is best to hire expert beauticians. Now salon services at home are filling the gap for people who have skin problems like acne.

Where is acne most common? 

Your forehead, chest and shoulders are the most common places you may have acne. Although oil glands can be found all over the body, these are the most common. The severity of acne will determine the best treatment. Acne can range from mild (a few pimples), moderate (inflammatory papules), or severe (nodules, cysts). 

What are the various types of acne? 

There are many forms of acne. These include: 

  • Blackheads : Open bumps that appear on the skin and are filled with oily skin. Although they look like dirt has been deposited on the bumps, the dark spots are caused by irregular light reflections from the clogged folliculcle. 
  • Whiteheads : Bumps which are not closed by oil or dead skin. 
  • Papules Tiny red or pink bumps which become inflamed. 
  • Pustules: Pimples containing pus. They look like small whiteheads with red rings around them. If picked or scratched, they can cause scarring. 
  • Fungal acne: This occurs when yeast grows in the hair follicles. They can be itchy or inflamed. 
  • Nodules Deeply embedded pimples. They can be painful and large. 
  • Cysts: Pus-filled pimples. These can lead to scarring. 

These forms of acne can impact your self-esteem. Your healthcare provider should be consulted immediately to determine the best treatment options for you. 

Causes and Symptoms 

What causes skin problems? 

Acne is largely a hormonal condition. It’s triggered by androgen hormones. These hormones are most active in the teenage years and early adult years. Acne can be caused by sensitivity to these hormones, as well as surface bacteria and oil gland fatty acids. 

Some things can make acne worse. 

  • Fluctuating hormones around the time of a woman’s period. 
  • Accurring treatment for acne sores 
  • Clothing and headgear such as hats or sports helmets. 
  • High humidity and air pollution are two of the most serious effects of climate change. 
  • Use oily or greasy personal products, such as heavy creams, lotions, or hair pomades and oils. 
  • Stress can cause acne to flare up by increasing the hormone cortisol. 
  • Certain medications. 
  • Genetics. 

Can chocolate cause acne? 

Certain foods and diets have been linked to acne in some studies. Acne flares may be caused by diets high sugar, skim milk, and whey protein. There has been no direct link between acne and chocolate. 

Why are so many teens getting acne? 

A surge in testosterone, a hormone that both men and women produce, is one of the main causes of acne. These hormones are most active in teen years. 

Can certain foods cause acne? 

Most commonly, acne is caused by hormonal changes. Although there is some evidence to suggest that acne breakouts can be caused by diets high sugar, skim milk, whey proteins, and diets high on sugar, this remains controversial. 

A balanced and nutritious diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and vitamin C, can help reduce inflammation. Some evidence also suggests that eating fish may help. 

Does acne cause scarring? 

Sometimes, acne can cause scarring. This happens when acne penetrates the skin, causing damage to the deeper layers. The acne pores become enlarged due to inflammation. The pores’ walls then collapse. Scarring is a normal part of life and can cause anxiety. Your healthcare provider will first determine the type of acne that caused scarring. 

There are many treatment options. There are many options for treating acne scars. These include microneedling, laser resurfacing and chemical peels. 

What is the best way to diagnose acne? 

A skin exam can help you determine if you have acne. You may be asked if your skin is sensitive to stress, or if you have any family history of acne. As breakouts can sometimes be related, teenage girls and women might also be asked about the frequency of their menstrual cycles. Sometimes, severe acne breakouts can occur in seniors who are suffering from another disease. 

How severe is acne? 

The severity of acne is rated by dermatologists: 

  • Grade 1 (mild), consists of mostly whiteheads or blackheads with a few pustules and papules. 
  • Grade 2 (moderate or pustular acne), multiple pustules and papules mostly on the face. 
  • Grade 3 (moderately severe or nodulocystic): There are many pustules and papules. It is possible that your chest and back may be affected. 
  • Grade 4 (severe acne nodulocystic): Large, inflamed and painful pustules. 

Management and Treatment 

What is the best way to treat acne? 

Your healthcare provider might recommend non-prescription medication for your condition. You may need stronger prescription medication depending on your condition, age, type of acne, and effectiveness of any over-the-counter treatments. 

Certain contraceptives may sometimes be able to help women with acne. Three types of birth control pills have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of acne. Each pill contains a mixture of estrogen, the primary female sexhormone, and progesterone, a natural steroid that regulates menstruation. 

Many medications and treatments have been proven to be successful. They address the root causes of acne. Depending on your severity, you might need several. 

Do I have to see a specialist? 

Your general healthcare provider can manage your acne. If your acne persists or becomes severe, you should consult a board-certified dermatologist. 

What can I do while I wait to see a Dermatologist 

Keep your skin clean by washing it at least once daily with warm water and mild, over-the-counter facial cleanser. Salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide are both effective. You can now buy Differin(r) over-the-counter and follow the instructions.